Antibacterial Activity of Pomelo Juices (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.) against Propionibacterium acnes
Keywords:
Antibakteri, Citrus maxima, Propionibacterium acnes, Jerawat, Sari Buah
Abstract
Propionibacterium acnes adalah salah satu bakteri penyebab jerawat. Pengobatan jerawat dengan obat atau antibiotik dapat mengakibatkan efek samping. Alternatif pengobatan yang berasal dari bahan alam telah banyak dikembangkan, salah satunya adalah buah jeruk bali. Tanaman ini mempunyai banyak manfaat kesehatan, diantaranya sebagai antidiabetes, anti-inflamasi, antimikroba, antimalaria, dan analgesik. Kulit dan buah serta minyak atsiri jeruk bali diketahui memliki aktivitas antibakteri. Jeruk bali (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.) memiliki potensi untuk mengobati jerawat. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri pada sari buah jeruk bali terhadap bakteri P. acnes dan senyawa bioaktif yang terkandung di dalamnya, Buah jeruk bali diambil sari buahnya dan dibuat variasi konsentrasi uji (25%, 50%, 75% dan 100%) dan klindamisin sebagai kontrol positif. Penentuan aktivitas daya hambat dilakukan dengan metode difusi cakram dan dilanjutkan dengan penentuan Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHM) dengan metode dilusi padat. Hasil penapisan fitokimia menujukkan sari buah jeruk bali mengandung senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin dan terpenoid. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan bahwa seluruh variasi konsentrasi uji dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri P. acnes dengan rata-rata nilai daya hambat secara berurutan sebesar 8,39 mm; 9,68 mm; 11,10 mm; dan 11,58 mm dengan kategori zona hambat masing-masing sedang dan kuat. Nilai KHM yang diperoleh pada konsentrasi 25%.References
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Armillei, M. K., Lomakin, I. B., Del Rosso, J. Q., Grada, A., & Bunick, C. G. (2024). Scientific Rationale and Clinical Basis for Clindamycin Use in the Treatment of Dermatologic Disease. Antibiotics, 13(270): 1-27.
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Chaachouay, D. & Zidane, L. 2024. Plant-Derived Natural Products: A Source for Drug Discovery and Development. Drugs and Drugs Candidates,3, 184–207.
David, W. W,. & Stout, T. R. (1971). Disc plate method of microbiological antibiotic assay. I. Factors influencing variability and error. Appl. Microbiol. 22: 659-665.
Departemen Kesehatan RI. (1995). Materia Medika Indonesia Jilid IV. Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan.
Dinore, J. Yelwande, A., Palve, M., & Farooqui, M. (2017). Citrus maxima Juice Catalyzed an Efficient Synthesis of 3,4- dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones. Chem Sci Rev Lett, 6(24): 2577-2580.
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Filbert, K., Wijaya, S., Tobing, A. N. L. (2023). Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Kulit Jeruk Bali (Citrus maxima Pericarpium) Terhadap Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan Enterococcus faecalis. JJHSR, 5(1): 51-58.
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Madelina, W., & Sulistiyaningsih, S. (2018). Review: Resistensi antibiotik pada terapi pengobatan jerawat. Farmaka, 16(2).
Margolis, D. J., Bowe, W. P., Hoffstad, O., & Berlin, J. A. (2005). Antibiotic treatment of acne may be associated with upper respiratory tract infections. Arch Dermatol, 141(9).
McLaughlin, J., Watterson, S., Layton, A. M., Bjourson, A. J., Barnard, E., & McDowell, A. (2019). Propionibacterium acnes and Acne Vulgaris: New Insights from the Integration of Population Genetic, Multi-Omic, Biochemical and Host-Microbe Studies. Microorganism, 7(128), 1-29.
Ouchari, L., Boukeskasse, A., Bouizgarne, B., Ouhdouch, Y. (2019). Antimicrobial potential of actinomycetes isolated from the unexplored hot merzouga desert and their taxonomic diversity. Biol Open 8 (2): bio035410
Pariury, J. A., Herman, J. P. C., Rebecca, T., Veroncica, E., Arijana, I. G. K. N. (2021). Hang Tuah Medical Journal, 19(1): 119-131
Prescott, L.M. (2005). Microbiology. New York: Mc. Grow-Hill.
Sapkota, B, Devkota, H. P., & Poudel, P. (2022). Citrus maxima (Brum.) Merr. (Rutaceae): Bioactive Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med,
Saputra, K. A., Puspawati, N. M., & Suirta, I. W. (2017). Kandungan Kimia Minyak Atsiri dari Kulit Buah Jeruk Bali (Citrus maxima) Serta Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Jurnal Kimia, 11(1): 58-62.
Shakya, A., Luitel, B., Kumari, P., Devkota, R., Dahal, P. R., & Chaudhary, R. (2019). Comparative Study of Antibacterial Activity of Juice and Peel Extract of Citrus Fruits. TUJM, 6(1): 82-88.
Sharma, S., Singh, B., Kaur, G., Srivastava, Y., & Sandhu, R. S. (2024). Nutritional, Bioactive, and Health Potential of Pomelo (Citrus Maxima): An Exotic Underutilized Fruit. Curr. Res. Nutr Food Sci Jour, 12(2): 940-958.
Sifatullah, N., & Zulkarnain. (2021). Jerawat (Acne vulgaris): Review Penyakit Infeksi Pada Kulit. Prosiding Biologi Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.
Wulandari, C.D. 2017. Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Air Perasan Jeruk Nipis (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle.) Terhadap Bakteri Bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis. [Skripsi]. Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan. Universitas Sanata Dharma. Yogyakarta.
Yan, Y., Li, Xing., Zhang, C., Lv, L., Gao, B., & Li, M. (2021). Progress on Antibacterial Activities and Mechanisms of Natural Alkaloids: A Review. Antibiotics, 10, 318: 1-30.
Yuan, G., Guan, Y., Yi, H., Lai, Shan., & Cao, S. (2021). Antibacterial activity and mechanism of plant favonoids to gram positive bacteria predicted from their lipophilicities. Science Reports,11: 10471.
Yuwanda, A., Rahmawati, D., & Nunung, N. (2024). Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Sediaan Salep Minyak Atsiri Kulit Buah Jeruk Bali (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.) terhadap Propionibacterium
acnes. JPHS, 1(2): 23-31.
Alina, P., Ewa, P. K., &František, Z. (2023). Antimicrobial activity of saponin-containing plants: review. J Dairy Vet Anim Res, 12(2):121‒127.
Ani, N, P. & Abel, H. C., (2018). Nutrient, phytochemical, and antinutrient composition of Citrus maxima fruit juice and peel extract. Food Sci Nutr, 6:653–658.
Armillei, M. K., Lomakin, I. B., Del Rosso, J. Q., Grada, A., & Bunick, C. G. (2024). Scientific Rationale and Clinical Basis for Clindamycin Use in the Treatment of Dermatologic Disease. Antibiotics, 13(270): 1-27.
Castillo, D. E., Nanda, S., & Keri, J. E. (2019). Propionibacterium (Cutibacterium) acnes Bacteriophage Therapy in Acne: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb), 9, 9–31.
Chaachouay, D. & Zidane, L. 2024. Plant-Derived Natural Products: A Source for Drug Discovery and Development. Drugs and Drugs Candidates,3, 184–207.
David, W. W,. & Stout, T. R. (1971). Disc plate method of microbiological antibiotic assay. I. Factors influencing variability and error. Appl. Microbiol. 22: 659-665.
Departemen Kesehatan RI. (1995). Materia Medika Indonesia Jilid IV. Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan.
Dinore, J. Yelwande, A., Palve, M., & Farooqui, M. (2017). Citrus maxima Juice Catalyzed an Efficient Synthesis of 3,4- dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones. Chem Sci Rev Lett, 6(24): 2577-2580.
Ekawati, E. R., & Darmanto, W. (2019). Lemon (Citrus limon) Juice Has Antibacterial Potential against Diarrhea-Causing Pathogen. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 217: 012023.
Filbert, K., Wijaya, S., Tobing, A. N. L. (2023). Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Kulit Jeruk Bali (Citrus maxima Pericarpium) Terhadap Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan Enterococcus faecalis. JJHSR, 5(1): 51-58.
Fitria, A., Nugraha, A. T., Meliani, Y., &Chioriah, A. (2018). Aktivitas Bakterisidal dan Antibiofilm Batang Jatropha multifida L. terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan MRSA. Eksakta: Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu MIPA, 18(1): 42-55.
Gunawan, H. C., Yusliana, Y., Daeli, P. J., Sarwendah, S., & Chiuman, L. (2020). Uji Antibakteri Air Perasan Daging Buah Nanas (Ananas comosus L. Merr Var. Queen) terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan, 15(2), 170–177.
Harborne, J. B. (1987). Metode Fitokimia. Penuntun Cara Modern Menganalisis Tumbuhan. Terjemahan K. Padmawinata & I. Soediro. Bandung: ITB.
Hossain, T. J. (2024). Methods for screening and evaluation of antimicrobial activity: A review of protocols, advantages, and limitations. European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology, 14(2): 97–115.
Huang, W., Wang, Y., Tian, W., Cui, X., Tu, P., Li, J., Shi, S., & Liu, X. (2022) Biosynthesis Investigations of Terpenoid, Alkaloid, and Flavonoid Antimicrobial Agents Derived from Medicinal Plants. Antibiotics, 11, 1380.
Indah, P. F. D., Djamil, R., Taurhesia, S., Sari, K. (2022). Daya Hambat Bakteri Propionibacterium acne Gel Kombinasi Ekstrak Kulit Buah Manggis (Garcinia mangostanaL.) dan Ekstrak Sari Jeruk Bali (Citrus maxima Merr. Poltekita: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 16(1): 22-28.
Karo, R. M. B., Manalu, P., & Sinurat, J. P. (2020). Antibacterial Activity of Flavonoid-Rich Fractions of Citrus maxima Peel Extract. Stannum : Jurnal Sains dan Terapan Kimia, 2(2): 51-56.
Legiawati, L.; Halim, P. A.; Fitriani, M.; Hikmahrachim, H. G.; Lim, H. W. (2023). Microbiomes in Acne Vulgaris and Their Susceptibility to Antibiotics in Indonesia: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis. Antibiotics, 12(1): 145.
Leung, A. K.C., Baranklin, B., Lam, J. M., Ldong, K. F., Hon, K. L. (2021). Dermatology: How to manage acne vulgaris. Drugs Context. 8(6), 1-18.
Madelina, W., & Sulistiyaningsih, S. (2018). Review: Resistensi antibiotik pada terapi pengobatan jerawat. Farmaka, 16(2).
Margolis, D. J., Bowe, W. P., Hoffstad, O., & Berlin, J. A. (2005). Antibiotic treatment of acne may be associated with upper respiratory tract infections. Arch Dermatol, 141(9).
McLaughlin, J., Watterson, S., Layton, A. M., Bjourson, A. J., Barnard, E., & McDowell, A. (2019). Propionibacterium acnes and Acne Vulgaris: New Insights from the Integration of Population Genetic, Multi-Omic, Biochemical and Host-Microbe Studies. Microorganism, 7(128), 1-29.
Ouchari, L., Boukeskasse, A., Bouizgarne, B., Ouhdouch, Y. (2019). Antimicrobial potential of actinomycetes isolated from the unexplored hot merzouga desert and their taxonomic diversity. Biol Open 8 (2): bio035410
Pariury, J. A., Herman, J. P. C., Rebecca, T., Veroncica, E., Arijana, I. G. K. N. (2021). Hang Tuah Medical Journal, 19(1): 119-131
Prescott, L.M. (2005). Microbiology. New York: Mc. Grow-Hill.
Sapkota, B, Devkota, H. P., & Poudel, P. (2022). Citrus maxima (Brum.) Merr. (Rutaceae): Bioactive Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med,
Saputra, K. A., Puspawati, N. M., & Suirta, I. W. (2017). Kandungan Kimia Minyak Atsiri dari Kulit Buah Jeruk Bali (Citrus maxima) Serta Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Jurnal Kimia, 11(1): 58-62.
Shakya, A., Luitel, B., Kumari, P., Devkota, R., Dahal, P. R., & Chaudhary, R. (2019). Comparative Study of Antibacterial Activity of Juice and Peel Extract of Citrus Fruits. TUJM, 6(1): 82-88.
Sharma, S., Singh, B., Kaur, G., Srivastava, Y., & Sandhu, R. S. (2024). Nutritional, Bioactive, and Health Potential of Pomelo (Citrus Maxima): An Exotic Underutilized Fruit. Curr. Res. Nutr Food Sci Jour, 12(2): 940-958.
Sifatullah, N., & Zulkarnain. (2021). Jerawat (Acne vulgaris): Review Penyakit Infeksi Pada Kulit. Prosiding Biologi Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.
Wulandari, C.D. 2017. Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Air Perasan Jeruk Nipis (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle.) Terhadap Bakteri Bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis. [Skripsi]. Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan. Universitas Sanata Dharma. Yogyakarta.
Yan, Y., Li, Xing., Zhang, C., Lv, L., Gao, B., & Li, M. (2021). Progress on Antibacterial Activities and Mechanisms of Natural Alkaloids: A Review. Antibiotics, 10, 318: 1-30.
Yuan, G., Guan, Y., Yi, H., Lai, Shan., & Cao, S. (2021). Antibacterial activity and mechanism of plant favonoids to gram positive bacteria predicted from their lipophilicities. Science Reports,11: 10471.
Yuwanda, A., Rahmawati, D., & Nunung, N. (2024). Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Sediaan Salep Minyak Atsiri Kulit Buah Jeruk Bali (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.) terhadap Propionibacterium
acnes. JPHS, 1(2): 23-31.
Published
2025-08-07
How to Cite
Syawalda, A., Ramadhani, L., Amir, M., & Syafriana, V. (2025). Antibacterial Activity of Pomelo Juices (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.) against Propionibacterium acnes. Sainstech Farma: Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian, 18(1), 31-36. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37277/sfj.v18i1.2185
Section
Articles
