Antifungal Activity of Sembung Rambat leaves (Mikania micrantha Kunth.) Extracts from Cileungsi, Bogor against Trichophyton mentagrophyets
Keywords:
antifungal, Mikania mirantha Kunth., Trichophyton mentagrophyes
Abstract
American rope leaves (Mikania micrantha Kunth.) contains secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins and steroids. This study aimed to observe antifungal activity of ethanol extract 96% of american rope leaves were 200 mg/mL, 400 mg/mL, and 600 mg/mL concentration against Trichophyton mentagrophytes by disc diffusion method on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) medium. Ketoconazole were positive control. The results showed that the 96% ethanol extract of american rope leaves had antifungal activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The minimum inhibitory concentration of 96% ethanol extract of american rope leaves against Trichophyton mentagrophytes at 100 mg/mL.References
Alfiah, R. R., Khotimah, S., & Turnip, M. (2015). Efektivitas ekstrak metanol daun sembung rambat (Mikania micrantha Kunth) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Jamur Candida albicans. Protobiont, 4(1), 52–57.
Alipour, M., & Mozafari, N. A. (2015). Terbinafine susceptibility and genotypic heterogeneity in clinical isolates of Trichophyton mentagrophytes by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Journal de Mycologie Medicale, 25(1), e1–e9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mycmed.2014.09.001
Araya, S., Tesfaye, B., & Fente, D. (2020). Epidemiology of dermatophyte and non-dermatophyte fungi infection in Ethiopia. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 13, 291–297. https://doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S246183
Arif, T., Bhosale, J. D., Kumar, N., Mandal, T. K., Bendre, R. S., Lavekar, G. S., & Dabur, R. (2009). Natural products - Antifungal agents derived from plants. Journal of Asian Natural Products Research, 11(7), 621–638. https://doi.org/10.1080/10286020902942350
Arifianti, L., Oktarina, R. D., & Kusumawati, I. (2014). Pengaruh jenis pelarut pengektraksi terhadap kadar sinensetin dalam ekstrak daun Orthosiphon stamineus. E-Journal Planta Husada, 2(1), 3–6.
Day, M. D., Clements, D. R., Gile, C., Senaratne, W. K. A. D., Shen, S., Weston, L. A., & Zhang, F. (2016). Biology and impacts of Pacific Islands invasive species 13 Mikania micrantha Kunth (Asteraceae) 1. Pacific Science, 70(3), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.2984/70.3.1
Dellière, S., Joannard, B., Benderdouche, M., Mingui, A., Gits-muselli, M., Hamane, S., Alanio, A., Petit, A., Gabison, G., Bagot, M. et al. (2022). Emergence of difficult-to-treat tinea corporis caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes. 28(1), 1–5.
Deori, C., Dutta, G., Das, S., & Phukan, D. (2016). Analgesic activity of ethanolic extract of leaves of Mikania micrantha on experimental animal models Chinmoyee. Pharma Science Monitor, 2(4), 1135–1151.
Fattahi, A., Shirvani, F., Ayatollahi, A., Rezaei-Matehkolaei, A., Badali, H., Lotfali, E., Ghasemi, R., Pourpak, Z., & Firooz, A. (2021). Multidrug-resistant Trichophyton mentagrophytes genotype VIII in an Iranian family with generalized dermatophytosis: report of four cases and review of literature. International Journal of Dermatology, 60(6), 686–692. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijd.15226
Fonmboh, D. J., Abah, E. R., Fokunang, T. E., Herve, B., Teke, G. N., Rose, N. M., Borgia, N.N., Fokunang, L.B., Andrew, B.N., Kaba, N. et al. (2020). An Overview of methods of extraction, isolation and characterization of natural medicinal plant products in improved traditional medicine research. Asian Journal of Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 9(2): 31–57. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrimps/2020/v9i230152
Frías-De-león, M. G., Martínez-Herrera, E., Atoche-Diéguez, C. E., González-Cespón, J. L., Uribe, B., Arenas, R., & Rodríguez-Cerdeira, C. (2020). Molecular identification of isolates of the trichophyton mentagrophytes complex. International Journal of Medical Sciences, 17(1), 45–52. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.35173
Gnat, S., Łagowski, D., Nowakiewicz, A., Osińska, M., & Kopiński, Ł. (2020). Population differentiation, antifungal susceptibility, and host range of Trichophyton mentagrophytes isolates causing recalcitrant infections in humans and animals. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 39(11), 2099–2113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-020-03952-2
Handa, S S. (2008). An Overview of Extraction Techniques for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. In Sukhdev Swami Handa, S. P. S. Khanuja, G. Longo, & D. D. Rakesh (Ed.), Extraction Technologies for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Itali: ICS UNIDO. Hlm. 21–54.
Hidayah, R. M. N., Anjani, A. D., Ramali, L. M., Suwarsa, O., & Gunawan, H. (2021). Exfoliative dermatitis due to dermatophytosis. Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 15(2), 306–309. https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.12218
Ishak, A. H., Shafie, N. H., Esa, N. M., Bahari, H., & Ismail, A. (2018). From weed to medicinal plant: Antioxidant capacities and phytochemicals of various extracts of Mikania micrantha. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 20(3), 561–568. https://doi.org/10.17957/IJAB/15.0522
Jyothilakshmi, M., Jyothis, M., & Latha, M. S. (2015). Antidermatophytic activity of Mikania micrantha Kunth: an invasive weed. Pharmacognosy Research, 7, S20–S25. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-8490.157994
Kandemir, H., Dukik, K., de Melo Teixeira, M., Stielow, J. B., Delma, F. Z., Al-Hatmi, A. M. S., Sarah A. Ahmed, S.A., · Ilkit, M., de Hoog, G.S. (2022). Phylogenetic and ecological reevaluation of the order onygenales in fungal diversity, 115: 1-72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-022-00506-z
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia [Kemenkes RI]. (2008). Farmakope herbal edisi I 2008. Jakarta (ID): Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Łagowski, D., Gnat, S., Aneta Nowakiewicz, Osińska, M., & Dyląg, M. (2020). Intrinsic resistance to terbinafine among human and animal isolates of Trichophyton mentagrophytes related to amino acid substitution in the squalene epoxidase. Infection, 48:889–897.
Li, Y., Jun, L., Yuan, L., Wang, X. xia, & Ao cheng, C. (2013). Antimicrobial potential and chemical constituent of Mikania micrantha H. B. K. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 7(20), 2409–2415. https://doi.org/10.5897/ajmr2013.5451
Matawali, A., Eng How, S., Jualang Azlan, G., Ping Chin, L., Siew Eng, H., & Azlan Gansau, J. (2016). Antibacterial and phytochemical investigations of Mikania micrantha H.B.K. (Asteraceae) from Sabah, Malaysia. Transactions on Science and Technology, 3(2), 244–250.
Nenoff, P., Verma, S. B., Ebert, A., Süß, A., Fischer, E., Auerswald, E., Dessoi, S., Hofmann, W., Schmidt, S., Neubert, K. et al. (2020). Spread of terbinafine-resistant trichophyton mentagrophytes type VIII (India) in Germany–“the tip of the iceberg?” Journal of Fungi, 6(4), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof6040207
Neta, M. C. S., Vittorazzi, C., Guimarães, A. C., Martins, J. D. L., Fronza, M., Endringer, D. C., & Scherer, R. (2017). Effects of β-caryophyllene and Murraya paniculata essential oil in the murine hepatoma cells and in the bacteria and fungi 24-h time-kill curve studies. Pharmaceutical Biology, 55(1), 190–197. https://doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2016.1254251
Nigam, P. K. (2015). Antifungal drugs and resistance: Current concepts. Our Dermatology Online, 6(2), 212–221. https://doi.org/10.7241/ourd.20152.58
Perawati, S., Andriani, L., Pratama, S., & Humayroh, H. (2019). Aktivitas koagulan ekstrak dan fraksi daun sembung rambat (Mikania micrantha Kunth.). Chempublish Journal, 4(1), 30–37. https://doi.org/10.22437/chp.v4i1.6909
Poudel, M., Adhikari, P., & Thapa, K. (2019). Biology and control methods of the alien invasive weed Mikania micrantha: a review. Environmental Contaminants Reviews, 2(2), 06–12. https://doi.org/10.26480/ecr.02.2019.06.12
Rachmatiah, T., & Octaviani, R. (2022). Aktivitas antifungi ekstrak daun bisbul (Diospyros blancoi A. DC.) terhadap Trichophyton mentagrophytes dan Malassezia furfur. Sainstech Farma (Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian), 15(2), 57–64.
Ramadhani, M. A., Hati, A. K., Lukitasari, N. F., & Jusman, A. H. (2020). Skrining fitokimia dan penetapan kadar flavonoid total serta fenolik total ekstrak daun insulin (Tithonia diversifolia) dengan maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96 %. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy and Natural Product, 3(1), 8–18. https://doi.org/10.35473/ijpnp.v3i1.481
Sariyanti, M., Agustria, P. M., Herlambang, W. F., Sinuhaji, B., Wibowo, R. H., Lestari, N., Nugraheni, E., & Sipriyadi. (2021). Identification of dermatophyte fungi causing tinea pedis and tinea unguium in Malabero Coastal communities, Bengkulu. Microbiology Indonesia, 15(1), 21–26. https://doi.org/10.5454/mi.15.1.4
Sarumpaet, M. I., & Wahyuni, D. D. (2021). Dermatophyte profile in patients with dermatophytosis in polyclinic dermatology and venerology of the general hospital Dr. Ferdinand Lumbantobing Sibolga in 2019. Sumatera Medical Journal, 4(2), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.32734/sumej.v4i2.5602
Shah, S. R., Vyas, H. R., Shah, B. J., Jangid, N. C., Choudhary, A., Gehlawat, T., Mistry, D., & Joshi, R. (2023). A clinical-mycological study of dermatophytosis in Western India with focus onantifungal drug resistance as a factor in recalcitrance. Indian Journal of Dermatology, 68(2), 234–246. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijd.ijd_999_22: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_999_22
Sharma, V., Kumawat, T. K., Sharma, Anima, Seth, Ruchi, & Chandra, S. (2015). Dermatophytes: diagnosis of dermatophytosis and its treatment. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 9(19), 1286–1293. https://doi.org/10.5897/ajmr2015.7374
Sheam, M. M., Haque, Z., & Nain, Z. (2020). Towards the antimicrobial, therapeutic and invasive properties of mikania micrantha knuth: A brief overview. Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics, 3(2), 92–101. https://doi.org/10.5455/jabet.2020.d112
Sitepu, E. H., Muis, K., & Putra, I. B. (2018). Dermatophytes and bacterial superinfectives in tinea pedis patients at Haji Adam Malik Central Hospital, Medan-Indonesia. Bali Medical Journal, 7(2), 452–456. https://doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v7i2.778
Sumantri, I. B., Wahyuni, H. S., & Mustanti, L. F. (2020). Total phenolic, total flavonoid and phytochemical screening by FTIR spectroscopic of standardized extract of Mikania micrantha leaf. Pharmacognosy Journal, 12(6), 1395–1401. https://doi.org/10.5530/PJ.2020.12.193
Syafriana, V., Febriani, A., Suyatno, Nurfitri, & Hamida, F. (2021). Antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of sempur (Dillenia suffruticosa (Griff.) Martelli) leaves against pathogenic microorganisms. Borneo Journal of Pharmacy, 4(2), 2021. Diambil dari http://journal.umpalangkaraya.ac.id/index.php/bjop
Taghipour, S., Shamsizadeh, F., Pchelin, I. M., Rezaei-Matehhkolaei, A., Mahmoudabadi, A. Z., Valadan, R., Ansari, S.,
Katiraee, F., Pakshir, K., Zomorodian, K. (2020). Emergence of terbinafine resistant Trichophyton mentagrophytes in Iran, harboring mutations in the squalene epoxidase (Sqle) gene. Infection and Drug Resistance, 13, 845–850. https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S246025
Wijaya, H., Jubaidah, S., & Rukayyah. (2022). Perbandingan metode esktraksi maserasi dan sokhletasi terhadap rendemen ekstrak batang turi (Sesbania grandiflora L.). Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy and Natural Product, 05(01), 1–11.
Zhang, C. W., Zhong, X. J., Zhao, Y. S., Rajoka, M. S. R., Hashmi, M. H., Zhai, P., & Song, X. (2023). Antifungal natural products and their derivatives: A review of their activity and mechanism of actions. Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine, 7(March). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prmcm.2023.100262
Alipour, M., & Mozafari, N. A. (2015). Terbinafine susceptibility and genotypic heterogeneity in clinical isolates of Trichophyton mentagrophytes by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Journal de Mycologie Medicale, 25(1), e1–e9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mycmed.2014.09.001
Araya, S., Tesfaye, B., & Fente, D. (2020). Epidemiology of dermatophyte and non-dermatophyte fungi infection in Ethiopia. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 13, 291–297. https://doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S246183
Arif, T., Bhosale, J. D., Kumar, N., Mandal, T. K., Bendre, R. S., Lavekar, G. S., & Dabur, R. (2009). Natural products - Antifungal agents derived from plants. Journal of Asian Natural Products Research, 11(7), 621–638. https://doi.org/10.1080/10286020902942350
Arifianti, L., Oktarina, R. D., & Kusumawati, I. (2014). Pengaruh jenis pelarut pengektraksi terhadap kadar sinensetin dalam ekstrak daun Orthosiphon stamineus. E-Journal Planta Husada, 2(1), 3–6.
Day, M. D., Clements, D. R., Gile, C., Senaratne, W. K. A. D., Shen, S., Weston, L. A., & Zhang, F. (2016). Biology and impacts of Pacific Islands invasive species 13 Mikania micrantha Kunth (Asteraceae) 1. Pacific Science, 70(3), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.2984/70.3.1
Dellière, S., Joannard, B., Benderdouche, M., Mingui, A., Gits-muselli, M., Hamane, S., Alanio, A., Petit, A., Gabison, G., Bagot, M. et al. (2022). Emergence of difficult-to-treat tinea corporis caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes. 28(1), 1–5.
Deori, C., Dutta, G., Das, S., & Phukan, D. (2016). Analgesic activity of ethanolic extract of leaves of Mikania micrantha on experimental animal models Chinmoyee. Pharma Science Monitor, 2(4), 1135–1151.
Fattahi, A., Shirvani, F., Ayatollahi, A., Rezaei-Matehkolaei, A., Badali, H., Lotfali, E., Ghasemi, R., Pourpak, Z., & Firooz, A. (2021). Multidrug-resistant Trichophyton mentagrophytes genotype VIII in an Iranian family with generalized dermatophytosis: report of four cases and review of literature. International Journal of Dermatology, 60(6), 686–692. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijd.15226
Fonmboh, D. J., Abah, E. R., Fokunang, T. E., Herve, B., Teke, G. N., Rose, N. M., Borgia, N.N., Fokunang, L.B., Andrew, B.N., Kaba, N. et al. (2020). An Overview of methods of extraction, isolation and characterization of natural medicinal plant products in improved traditional medicine research. Asian Journal of Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 9(2): 31–57. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrimps/2020/v9i230152
Frías-De-león, M. G., Martínez-Herrera, E., Atoche-Diéguez, C. E., González-Cespón, J. L., Uribe, B., Arenas, R., & Rodríguez-Cerdeira, C. (2020). Molecular identification of isolates of the trichophyton mentagrophytes complex. International Journal of Medical Sciences, 17(1), 45–52. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.35173
Gnat, S., Łagowski, D., Nowakiewicz, A., Osińska, M., & Kopiński, Ł. (2020). Population differentiation, antifungal susceptibility, and host range of Trichophyton mentagrophytes isolates causing recalcitrant infections in humans and animals. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 39(11), 2099–2113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-020-03952-2
Handa, S S. (2008). An Overview of Extraction Techniques for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. In Sukhdev Swami Handa, S. P. S. Khanuja, G. Longo, & D. D. Rakesh (Ed.), Extraction Technologies for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Itali: ICS UNIDO. Hlm. 21–54.
Hidayah, R. M. N., Anjani, A. D., Ramali, L. M., Suwarsa, O., & Gunawan, H. (2021). Exfoliative dermatitis due to dermatophytosis. Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 15(2), 306–309. https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.12218
Ishak, A. H., Shafie, N. H., Esa, N. M., Bahari, H., & Ismail, A. (2018). From weed to medicinal plant: Antioxidant capacities and phytochemicals of various extracts of Mikania micrantha. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 20(3), 561–568. https://doi.org/10.17957/IJAB/15.0522
Jyothilakshmi, M., Jyothis, M., & Latha, M. S. (2015). Antidermatophytic activity of Mikania micrantha Kunth: an invasive weed. Pharmacognosy Research, 7, S20–S25. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-8490.157994
Kandemir, H., Dukik, K., de Melo Teixeira, M., Stielow, J. B., Delma, F. Z., Al-Hatmi, A. M. S., Sarah A. Ahmed, S.A., · Ilkit, M., de Hoog, G.S. (2022). Phylogenetic and ecological reevaluation of the order onygenales in fungal diversity, 115: 1-72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-022-00506-z
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia [Kemenkes RI]. (2008). Farmakope herbal edisi I 2008. Jakarta (ID): Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Łagowski, D., Gnat, S., Aneta Nowakiewicz, Osińska, M., & Dyląg, M. (2020). Intrinsic resistance to terbinafine among human and animal isolates of Trichophyton mentagrophytes related to amino acid substitution in the squalene epoxidase. Infection, 48:889–897.
Li, Y., Jun, L., Yuan, L., Wang, X. xia, & Ao cheng, C. (2013). Antimicrobial potential and chemical constituent of Mikania micrantha H. B. K. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 7(20), 2409–2415. https://doi.org/10.5897/ajmr2013.5451
Matawali, A., Eng How, S., Jualang Azlan, G., Ping Chin, L., Siew Eng, H., & Azlan Gansau, J. (2016). Antibacterial and phytochemical investigations of Mikania micrantha H.B.K. (Asteraceae) from Sabah, Malaysia. Transactions on Science and Technology, 3(2), 244–250.
Nenoff, P., Verma, S. B., Ebert, A., Süß, A., Fischer, E., Auerswald, E., Dessoi, S., Hofmann, W., Schmidt, S., Neubert, K. et al. (2020). Spread of terbinafine-resistant trichophyton mentagrophytes type VIII (India) in Germany–“the tip of the iceberg?” Journal of Fungi, 6(4), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof6040207
Neta, M. C. S., Vittorazzi, C., Guimarães, A. C., Martins, J. D. L., Fronza, M., Endringer, D. C., & Scherer, R. (2017). Effects of β-caryophyllene and Murraya paniculata essential oil in the murine hepatoma cells and in the bacteria and fungi 24-h time-kill curve studies. Pharmaceutical Biology, 55(1), 190–197. https://doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2016.1254251
Nigam, P. K. (2015). Antifungal drugs and resistance: Current concepts. Our Dermatology Online, 6(2), 212–221. https://doi.org/10.7241/ourd.20152.58
Perawati, S., Andriani, L., Pratama, S., & Humayroh, H. (2019). Aktivitas koagulan ekstrak dan fraksi daun sembung rambat (Mikania micrantha Kunth.). Chempublish Journal, 4(1), 30–37. https://doi.org/10.22437/chp.v4i1.6909
Poudel, M., Adhikari, P., & Thapa, K. (2019). Biology and control methods of the alien invasive weed Mikania micrantha: a review. Environmental Contaminants Reviews, 2(2), 06–12. https://doi.org/10.26480/ecr.02.2019.06.12
Rachmatiah, T., & Octaviani, R. (2022). Aktivitas antifungi ekstrak daun bisbul (Diospyros blancoi A. DC.) terhadap Trichophyton mentagrophytes dan Malassezia furfur. Sainstech Farma (Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian), 15(2), 57–64.
Ramadhani, M. A., Hati, A. K., Lukitasari, N. F., & Jusman, A. H. (2020). Skrining fitokimia dan penetapan kadar flavonoid total serta fenolik total ekstrak daun insulin (Tithonia diversifolia) dengan maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96 %. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy and Natural Product, 3(1), 8–18. https://doi.org/10.35473/ijpnp.v3i1.481
Sariyanti, M., Agustria, P. M., Herlambang, W. F., Sinuhaji, B., Wibowo, R. H., Lestari, N., Nugraheni, E., & Sipriyadi. (2021). Identification of dermatophyte fungi causing tinea pedis and tinea unguium in Malabero Coastal communities, Bengkulu. Microbiology Indonesia, 15(1), 21–26. https://doi.org/10.5454/mi.15.1.4
Sarumpaet, M. I., & Wahyuni, D. D. (2021). Dermatophyte profile in patients with dermatophytosis in polyclinic dermatology and venerology of the general hospital Dr. Ferdinand Lumbantobing Sibolga in 2019. Sumatera Medical Journal, 4(2), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.32734/sumej.v4i2.5602
Shah, S. R., Vyas, H. R., Shah, B. J., Jangid, N. C., Choudhary, A., Gehlawat, T., Mistry, D., & Joshi, R. (2023). A clinical-mycological study of dermatophytosis in Western India with focus onantifungal drug resistance as a factor in recalcitrance. Indian Journal of Dermatology, 68(2), 234–246. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijd.ijd_999_22: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_999_22
Sharma, V., Kumawat, T. K., Sharma, Anima, Seth, Ruchi, & Chandra, S. (2015). Dermatophytes: diagnosis of dermatophytosis and its treatment. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 9(19), 1286–1293. https://doi.org/10.5897/ajmr2015.7374
Sheam, M. M., Haque, Z., & Nain, Z. (2020). Towards the antimicrobial, therapeutic and invasive properties of mikania micrantha knuth: A brief overview. Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics, 3(2), 92–101. https://doi.org/10.5455/jabet.2020.d112
Sitepu, E. H., Muis, K., & Putra, I. B. (2018). Dermatophytes and bacterial superinfectives in tinea pedis patients at Haji Adam Malik Central Hospital, Medan-Indonesia. Bali Medical Journal, 7(2), 452–456. https://doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v7i2.778
Sumantri, I. B., Wahyuni, H. S., & Mustanti, L. F. (2020). Total phenolic, total flavonoid and phytochemical screening by FTIR spectroscopic of standardized extract of Mikania micrantha leaf. Pharmacognosy Journal, 12(6), 1395–1401. https://doi.org/10.5530/PJ.2020.12.193
Syafriana, V., Febriani, A., Suyatno, Nurfitri, & Hamida, F. (2021). Antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of sempur (Dillenia suffruticosa (Griff.) Martelli) leaves against pathogenic microorganisms. Borneo Journal of Pharmacy, 4(2), 2021. Diambil dari http://journal.umpalangkaraya.ac.id/index.php/bjop
Taghipour, S., Shamsizadeh, F., Pchelin, I. M., Rezaei-Matehhkolaei, A., Mahmoudabadi, A. Z., Valadan, R., Ansari, S.,
Katiraee, F., Pakshir, K., Zomorodian, K. (2020). Emergence of terbinafine resistant Trichophyton mentagrophytes in Iran, harboring mutations in the squalene epoxidase (Sqle) gene. Infection and Drug Resistance, 13, 845–850. https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S246025
Wijaya, H., Jubaidah, S., & Rukayyah. (2022). Perbandingan metode esktraksi maserasi dan sokhletasi terhadap rendemen ekstrak batang turi (Sesbania grandiflora L.). Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy and Natural Product, 05(01), 1–11.
Zhang, C. W., Zhong, X. J., Zhao, Y. S., Rajoka, M. S. R., Hashmi, M. H., Zhai, P., & Song, X. (2023). Antifungal natural products and their derivatives: A review of their activity and mechanism of actions. Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine, 7(March). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prmcm.2023.100262
Published
2023-07-31
How to Cite
Hamida, F., Agustin, A., & Djuhariyah, Y. (2023). Antifungal Activity of Sembung Rambat leaves (Mikania micrantha Kunth.) Extracts from Cileungsi, Bogor against Trichophyton mentagrophyets. Sainstech Farma: Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian, 16(2), 59-66. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37277/sfj.v16i2.1603
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